Total : 34,847 item
1451. Reference : MM-1-21-7
| Moerman refers to the therapist Pittinger's work (1960) on recommendations for behavior that should be followed when psychiatrists converse with patients. He also looks at the way Pittinger characterizes patients by traits, including the desire to be indulged by others and rectitude in showing emotions. | Punch card
1452. Reference : MM-1-21-8
| Moerman refers to the work of the social, linguistic and psychoanalytical anthropologist Rosaldo (1972), who looks at definitions or terms for things. Whereas the meaning of a term is contingent on the context in which it is used, the terms themselves remain unchanged. | Punch card
1453. Reference : MM-1-21-9
| Moerman refers to the work of the US psychologists Cole and Bruner (1972), concluding that the answers to psychological and linguistic tests result from the situations we have faced in the past, which reflect prejudice and harassment as well as unfamiliarity. | Punch card
1454. Reference : MM-1-21-10
| Moerman refers to the work of the linguist Lakoff (1971) on personal opinions as part of reasoning about language, logic and situational factors. Moerman is critical of such reasoning, describing it as limited and arguing that ‘appreciation’ is only a myth, and one, moreover, of which Lakoff ignores the cause. | Punch card
1455. Reference : MM-1-21-11
| Moerman refers to the work of the linguist Yngve (1970) to address the issue of language and communication. One’s ‘state of mind’ contains information relevant to linguistic and non-linguistic communication. People use language in activities during discussions, and in group discussions people express themselves using gestures and tone. Moreover, rather than being conducted on the basis of grammar, discussions are predicated on basic knowledge which is learnt or recognized. | Punch card
1456. Reference : MM-1-21-12
| Moerman refers to the US linguist Fillmore's work (1971), in which he argues for the importance of acknowledging the original wording of documents, and states that some words require interpretation or a knowledge of the original meaning. Moerman argues that it is necessary to determine the rules derived from these sources, in order that they might be used properly in the judicial process. | Punch card
1457. Reference : MM-1-21-13
| Moerman refers to the work of Bernstien (1970) on the issue of speaking, in which meaning refers on the one hand to a particular context, while on the other hand it transcends a given context. Forms of speech may be limited by different contexts. Moreover, speaking relates to the social status of the speakers and societal relationships. | Punch card
1458. Reference : MM-1-21-14
| Moerman refers to an article by Singh and Pareek (1966) which looks at measures to describe the social and economic status of two groups, based on interviews with members of these groups, between whom social and economic status differs. This article seeks to define the word ‘problem’ and the qualities needed for interviewees. | Punch card
1459. Reference : MM-1-21-15
| Moerman refers to the work of Kennedy (1963), in which he looks at the Greek rhetorician Hermagoras and the philosopher Aristotle, and focuses on the four most important reasons that lead to a dispute: the fact, the injury, the importance and the justice. He cites Hermagoras, who gives examples of ‘pleas of excuse’ in criminal justice: (a) the subject refuses to commit the crime; (b) the subject recognizes the criminal commitment, but he does not know the act is wrong; (c) he commits the crime but only because of the force of circumstances, and (d) the final conviction is dependent on the sentence meted out by the individual judge. Aristotle also defines the meaning of the word "enthymeme", in which an unstated assumption must be true in order to lead to a conclusion. Judges do not simply use logic as a basis for making a conviction, but instead bring other factors into consideration. | Punch card
1460. Reference : MM-1-21-16
| Moerman cites excerpts from the work of Lakoff (1971) which refer to Fraser's explanation of the response of the interlocutor. | Punch card
