Language.

19 -20 June 1965 - Villagers speak in the northern Thai dialect in order to help Moerman understand what they are saying. The sheriff speaks central Thai with some northern Thai elements. The headman speaks northern Thai with many central Thai elements. Some people speak Lue. The clergy in Huay Mueng read with a northern Thai pronunciation because there are no priests to teach them.

Farming.

19 June 1965 - Stages of rice farming. Villagers assist Kamhang with his farm work as he has no buffaloes and insufficient labor. Those who lend their buffaloes are given rice in return. Laborers who work on the farm are using relatives of the farmer.

Varities of people.

19 June 1965 - Varieties of people : Khamu believe in spirits. When someone dies, all of his animals are killed with him and he is buried alongside his money. When he is reborn the money is dug up to “su khwan”. Moerman opens his book and the villagers identify which ethnic group the people in the picture belong to. The villagers identify people by costume, accessories and equipment. The other groups of people are Eko, Kala, Yao, Muser, Meo, Tai dam, Sakai, Lisu, Yang, Akha, Khamu and Karen.

Suk and saj.

19 June1965 - Sai did not want to marry Suk because she is old and has several children already. A woman is usually vilified for multiple divorces, whereas men who divorce several times are exonerated. Social rules concerning women are stricter. A man who marries a widow, or a woman who marries a widower, loses face.

Child training.

19 June 1965 - Training children. Children are told not to point their feet. Children are told not to come too close or to play too close to Moerman. Moreover girls are not allow to come too close to priests and novices, and must not sit improperly. Children should be polite and stay calm when visiting other houses.

Marriage.

19 June1965 - When a daughter-in-law comes from a distant village, villagers often “mat khwan” due to the distance she has to travel.

Khowledge of outside world.

19 June 1965 – The Meo Lai were formerly communists, but they have now switched allegiance to the USA. The communists gave them nothing but the Americans have given them rice, built houses and given them pigs and chickens. Children sing the phrase “ma noi noi thammada” that they heard from radio.

Greeting.

19 June 1965 - Mae Sa answers greetings for just standing or sitting quietly.

Varieties of people.

20 June 1965 - Earning a living, making merit and customs are included in language. When Moerman lived in the village, he was regarded as being Lue, but was regarded as being American when he returned to the US. Thammachai identifies other ethnic groups by costume, accessories, language and the way they walk