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2,521. Reference : MM-1-44-3

Thailand Bangkok, talk with Miphat, 26 November, talk with Sansern 24 November 1979

| Moerman spoke with Miphat, a judge at the Court of Appeal, about his work, corruption, and conflict between farmers and the government. Moerman also spoke to Sanseun, who was on the Judiciary Committee, about recording in the courtroom. He was conducting a project to rebuild the labor court, including the establishment of a commercial court and court of tax. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,522. Reference : MM-1-44-4

Problems of Buddhism and Communism

| Problems of Buddhism and Communism Kraisri related that the village heads had a radio to communicate with the district authorities. The World Bank and the ASEAN Development Bank preferred private construction companies to build roads and irrigation systems under the supervision of foreign companies, because the project would be achieved faster and better than the Department of Irrigation. Problems over the leasing of land by farmers and landowners in the North. At Chiang Mai Provincial Court there were more judges, and more foreigners imprisoned for drug offenses. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,523. Reference : MM-1-44-5

Changes in the Environment

| Changes in the environment Nan Bun used to raise cattle, but after the forest was cleared for agricultural land, he sold cattle and hired migrants from Northeastern as labour. Mae Noo sold land to the government for building an airport. Saeng sold land at the rate of 1500 baht per rai for land with title, and 800 baht per rai for land without title. Some villagers still engaged in farming, while others turned to fruit plantation and trade at the markets. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,524. Reference : MM-1-44-6

Chiengkham

| Chiang Kham A local hospital provided services at unaffordable prices, and villagers preferred to see Dorothy (a woman who served as medium to cure villagers). Highlanders moved from the hillside to stay in plain areas because of the war, communism and opium. Problems of heroin and cocaine caused health problems for people, living in Chiang Kham, especially among students. Drought and deforestation had resulted in damaged rice and death of fish. The state had an uncertain policy towards highlanders, and they could not gain Thai nationality, had no rights for land ownership, and were discriminated against in access to education. The state encouraged villagers to build toilets. There was a change in the experience and values of young people; youngsters visited discotheques, and used a combination of Central Thai and Lue languages. The chief district administrator desired to study what caused people to lose ownership of land and to whom. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,525. Reference : MM-1-44-7

Lampang health project

| Health project in Lampang Dr. Tien related that this project aimed to survey and monitor the health services of people in rural areas. Information was requested from patients and service providers. At Ban Phaed female villagers were taking birth control pills, which were available at pharmacies and were distributed at the health center without charge. The birth control coil was not popular. In addition, the state allowed women who had two children to be sterilized, the men were more afraid of sterilization. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,526. Reference : MM-1-44-8

Religion and Ceremony

| Religion and ritual Wat Sanam Nai was a training center for Wipatsana [meditation]. It was always quiet, even in Bangkok. At Ban Phaed, Mae Saeng and Fong made offerings of food to the Buddha image on the shelf every morning. In the village people still engaged in the practice of making offerings to spirits. Male will ordained for one Buddhist lent or a week. The government allowed the ordination of men for 121 days, and were still they still paid. At times, people would ask village spirit and if the request was granted, they would pay homage with a dedication. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,527. Reference : MM-1-58-1

Japan. Research Possibilities

| Engaging in research in Japan Moerman observed discussions of the Japanese people. Difficulties in conducting research in Japan include: the rich culture and perspectives that need to be studied; language barriers; high cost of living; high competition in seeking research funding, education. The relationship between Okinawa, Southeast Asia and China. The ecosystem of the islands of Okinawa; disease treatment; language and dialects; ethnic groups, martial arts, food, funeral, construction of houses. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,528. Reference : MM-1-58-2

Philippines, Manila

| The Philippines Observations about the Philippine economy; agriculture; employment; support and investment. The nickname for the Filipinos, and Spanish influence. Many Muslims in the Philippines wanted independence, and to return to the regime of the Sultan. Chinese people do not trade in crops since the state established a trade association for agriculture. Instead, the Chinese had business and were employed in the field of computer technology. The Filipinos spent money the most to buy television. Using the gesture of the Filipinos. Homosexuality was still very unacceptable. Filipinos saw both modern and traditional doctors called pamomolong, but elderly people would be treated with rituals before going to the modern doctors. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,529. Reference : MM-1-58-3

Zamboanga, Philippine

| Philippines (Zamboanga) The Marcos run family-owned businesses, including hotels, shopping malls and several buildings. Several interesting issues and problems were mentioned about the possibility of doing research at the Zamboaga. People of different nationalities and religions were living together, Philippines who were Christian and Muslim. The primary language is Chabaxano, a mixture of Spanish words and Filipino grammar. But 45% of the population spoke Tau-sug, the language used in commerce and politics. The main occupation was fish trade, and most of fishermen in this town were Muslim. The lives of Muslims seemed to be inferior to Christians, and they lived separately in different communities. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

2,530. Reference : MM-1-58-4

Kota Batu, Phillippine

| Philippines (Kota Batu) Kota Batu is a city that is predominantly Christian. Churches there had stronger relationships with the highlanders, the Tirurai and Manobo were strongly affiliated to Church. Monabo wanted the Christians to protect them from the Muslims because they were afraid that Muslims would snatch land from them. Cebuano is the language used in the area. Christians and Muslims were associated with stress. Muslim womens rights and freedom were limited. Doing research in the Muslim community was difficult. Tirurai mostly lived in Ipu, and they were Christian. The information also covers language, education, treatment and housing of Tirurai. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman