Reference : MM-1-44-6

Name of creator(s) : Michael Moerman

Scope and content : Chiang Kham A local hospital provided services at unaffordable prices, and villagers preferred to see Dorothy (a woman who served as medium to cure villagers). Highlanders moved from the hillside to stay in plain areas because of the war, communism and opium. Problems of heroin and cocaine caused health problems for people, living in Chiang Kham, especially among students. Drought and deforestation had resulted in damaged rice and death of fish. The state had an uncertain policy towards highlanders, and they could not gain Thai nationality, had no rights for land ownership, and were discriminated against in access to education. The state encouraged villagers to build toilets. There was a change in the experience and values of young people; youngsters visited discotheques, and used a combination of Central Thai and Lue languages. The chief district administrator desired to study what caused people to lose ownership of land and to whom.

Extent and medium : Punch card