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1161. Reference : MM-1-18-217

Work of the Border Patrol Police

| September 10, 1960. Border patrol police shared information about the situation in Laos. It was desperate and the country could become a communist country very soon. They were sent to serve two purposes: to patrol the areas and to firm relations with the minority groups in the mountains. This group of people would spy on the front-line movement of the Lao military or about the activites of the Guo Min Tang military, as potentially intrusive over the Thai border. Notwithstanding, opium elimination was very difficult. In fact, even though people were aware of the mastermind who was behind the smuggling of opium, the latter also gave bribes to the authorities. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1162. Reference : MM-1-18-218

taxation

| November 25 , 1960. Moerman asked about the different types of tax and their rate which Chiang Kham district collected from people such as income tax, land tax stamp tax, etc. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1163. Reference : MM-1-18-219

taxation

| November 25, 1960. The main taxes collected in Chiang Kham district were derived from a purchase tax. There were also additional taxes on landowners who leased their land. The tax would finance various activities of the Council (District Council?). There was also taxation on shop signs. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1164. Reference : MM-1-18-220

Fire truck

| November 8, 1960. The money used to buy a fire truck came partly from the government and the other half from sanitation - the tax was collected from shops in the market. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1165. Reference : MM-1-18-221

Opinions of high-rank bureaucrats

| November 25, 1960. The accountant told Moerman that officials did not gain much salary. They needed to the money gained from bribes to finance their family. However, the officials were of an honorable profession. The assistant district officer told Moerman about the hardship of rural areas, Chiang Kham district was cut off from the outside world. However, sometimes an inspector came disguised as tourist in order to inspect the public order. From the observations of Moerman, during the first two hours of work in the morning (8:30 to 10:30 pm) officials at the district office were chatting, and some just sat absent-minded. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1166. Reference : MM-1-18-222

Prison in Chiang Rai

| August 1, 1960. There was a limited area in the prison of Chiang Rai for inmates. It was necessary to move some of the prisoners to the prisons in Lampang and Chiang Mai. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1167. Reference : MM-1-18-223

police

| July 27, 1960. In Chiang Kham district there were about 30 police officers; most were local people, who had worked for a long time. The chief district officer served as district police commander. A lieutenant (captain?) was acting as commander at the local level. There were also some villagers who served as watchdogs for the police. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1168. Reference : MM-1-18-224

Revenue from taxes of the district of Chiang Kham

| July 25, 1960. Chiang Kham district was able to collect taxes of 40,000 baht per year. But the expenditure on average per year cost 240,000 baht. Partly, this was due to spending on education to the amount of approximately 14,000 baht per month. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1169. Reference : MM-1-18-225

Data collection at the district office

| July 25, 1960. The chief district officer went to inspect the border areas because there were a high number of immigrants from Laos. The provincial education officer told Moerman that last year about 20% of the grade 4 primary school students from the Chiang Kham district failed the examination. Most of these children lived far from the schools. Many parents sent their children to attend private schools because the instruction focused on preparing the children to study at a higher level of education (university). This was in contrast to the government high schools, where the syllabus focused on the trade professions (such as woodworking, gardening work). | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman

1170. Reference : MM-1-18-226

Manhunt for thieves of domestic animals

| May 12, 1960. A group of people visited the store and house of Moerman. They introduced themselves as tourists, and asked questions about the entire village. Later on, they admitted to being police officers. They had come to track thieves who had stolen domestic animals from the villagers. | Punch card

by : Michael Moerman