Reference : MM-1-58-6

Name of creator(s) : Michael Moerman

Scope and content : Bontoc, Philippines Moerman traveled to Bagio where there was a step rice field which had high productivity. The dam construction caused conflict among the villagers, because it could result in flooding over the city and the residential area of the villagers. But the government of Marcos wanted to support industrial and development projects, and as a consequence, the state condemned the blockade of the dam as communist. The government dealt with highlanders by expelling them from the area. Moerman also noted the religion of the village and attitudes of outsiders. Ato is an association of people involved in conflict. In Bontoc there were 17 ato, from which a member of each village was nominated as representative. The Philippines called the hill tribes Igorot but the people called themselves Tribally. At the present time, the Igorot who had been studied called themselves Bontoc.

Extent and medium : Punch card