Reference : MM-1-18-73

Name of creator(s) : Michael Moerman

Scope and content : July 24, 1960. Villager shared that at the time opium was cheap and affordable. When he had wanted opium he had no money, and he sold clothing and goods to the Ho and to the soldiers of Chiang Kai-shek in the mountainous area. They were going on raids in Laos, then fleeing to the Thai border. They had signed an agreement with the Thai government to not cause any problems, otherwise they would be driven away. In return, they would protect Thailand from the communists. July 25, 1960. the owner of the store said that actually people who bought goods usually paid in opium instead. Recently at the district centre, there were a lot of Lao people and soldiers of minorities who had migrated to escape from the attack of the Americans.

Extent and medium : Punch card