Research at Ban Sanpong,Sanpathong,Chiengmai

1980-1981 Pumping water from under the ground by driving bamboo poles around 10 meters into the soil. This system is known as nam tok.

Research at Ban Sanpong,Sanpathong,Chiengmai

1980-1981 The land in the background bordering the hill has been allocated as part of a co-operative project sponsored by His Majesty the King.

Research at Ban Sanpong,Sanpathong,Chiengmai

1980-1981 Upland cleared for cultivation. Note the burned tree stumps in the foreground.

Research at Ban Sanpong,Sanpathong,Chiengmai

1980-1981 Farmers preparing land for cultivation. Farmers without fields of their own have to rent upland fields from wealthier farmers.

Research at Ban Sanpong,Sanpathong,Chiengmai

1980-1981 Farmers preparing land for cultivation. Farmers without fields of their own have to rent upland fields from wealthier farmers.