1,891. Reference : MM-1-17-61

Farming.

| 19 June 1965 - Stages of rice farming. Villagers assist Kamhang with his farm work as he has no buffaloes and insufficient labor. Those who lend their buffaloes are given rice in return. Laborers who work on the farm are using relatives of the farmer. | Punch card

1,892. Reference : MM-1-17-62

Varities of people.

| 19 June 1965 - Varieties of people : Khamu believe in spirits. When someone dies, all of his animals are killed with him and he is buried alongside his money. When he is reborn the money is dug up to “su khwan”. Moerman opens his book and the villagers identify which ethnic group the people in the picture belong to. The villagers identify people by costume, accessories and equipment. The other groups of people are Eko, Kala, Yao, Muser, Meo, Tai dam, Sakai, Lisu, Yang, Akha, Khamu and Karen. | Punch card

1,893. Reference : MM-1-17-64

Suk and saj.

| 19 June1965 - Sai did not want to marry Suk because she is old and has several children already. A woman is usually vilified for multiple divorces, whereas men who divorce several times are exonerated. Social rules concerning women are stricter. A man who marries a widow, or a woman who marries a widower, loses face. | Punch card

1,894. Reference : MM-1-17-65

Child training.

| 19 June 1965 - Training children. Children are told not to point their feet. Children are told not to come too close or to play too close to Moerman. Moreover girls are not allow to come too close to priests and novices, and must not sit improperly. Children should be polite and stay calm when visiting other houses. | Punch card

1,895. Reference : MM-1-17-66

Marriage.

| 19 June1965 - When a daughter-in-law comes from a distant village, villagers often “mat khwan” due to the distance she has to travel. | Punch card

1,896. Reference : MM-1-17-67

Khowledge of outside world.

| 19 June 1965 – The Meo Lai were formerly communists, but they have now switched allegiance to the USA. The communists gave them nothing but the Americans have given them rice, built houses and given them pigs and chickens. Children sing the phrase “ma noi noi thammada” that they heard from radio. | Punch card

1,897. Reference : MM-1-17-68

Greeting.

| 19 June 1965 - Mae Sa answers greetings for just standing or sitting quietly. | Punch card

1,898. Reference : MM-1-17-69

Varieties of people.

| 20 June 1965 - Earning a living, making merit and customs are included in language. When Moerman lived in the village, he was regarded as being Lue, but was regarded as being American when he returned to the US. Thammachai identifies other ethnic groups by costume, accessories, language and the way they walk | Punch card

1,899. Reference : MM-1-17-70

Farming.

| 20 June 1965 - Mun is planting in Thunglaw. Last year he did not plow by tractor because the rain came unexpectedly early and grass thrived in the water-logged ground. This year he has hired four laborers to carry out the planting and plow by tractor and buffalo. Next year after the grass has been killed, he will sow again. He plants half rice and half glutinous rice, all of which is in-season rice. Planting in Thunglaw is expensive if laborers and buffalos have to be hired. Thunglaw extends over the two villages of Ban That and Ban Kwang. | Punch card

1,900. Reference : MM-1-17-71

Road.

| 20 June 1965 - Villagers could sell rice at a better price if there were roads connecting the village with Phayao, where there would be greater opportunities for trade. Horses could be purchased in Phayao and sold on to the local mountain people. Moreover, the people building the roads would purchase housing plots, thus giving the villagers additional money. Roads are good for merchants and officials, making it easier to travel. However, they have few perceived benefits for the common people, whose attitude toward them is neutral. | Punch card