2411. Reference : MM-1-17-78

Lue and other Thai.

| 20 June 1965 – According to Bun, Lao people living in Thunglaw are extremely industrious . They are not poor, having made lucrative sales of their fields in the northeastern region. | Punch card

2412. Reference : MM-1-17-79

School.

| 20 June 1965 - Mun sends his son to Mathayom (secondary school) at a cost of Bt100 per term or Bt300 per year. He thinks it is not expensive. Once he passes Mathayom 6, he can be educated further in Chiang Rai or Chiang Mai, and if he passes Mathayom 8 he can become a teacher. | Punch card

2413. Reference : MM-1-17-81

Knowledge of outside.

| 21 June 1965 - “Khap Lue” (Lue songs) are not always on air on the radio. Wan listens to war news from Vietnam on the radio and is glad the Americans killed the communists. Wan and No wonder whether the earthquake that killed lots of people in a communist country was made by the Americans. Nan Bun drives a samlor (3-wheeled rickshaw) in Lampang. Muang said he always learns new things by trying to plant new crops, but has found that rice is the best. | Punch card

2414. Reference : MM-1-17-82

Yao.

| 21 June 1965 - Yao: A number of Yao came down from the hill to live in Chiang Kham. The Yao women are mostly married to Chinese men. While most of the Yao live and farm in an area 6-10 kilometers from Chiang Kham market, some have land in Thunglaw, and at least one family has land in the foothills. They believe in spirits. | Punch card

2415. Reference : MM-1-17-83

Officials.

| 21 June and 2 July 1965 – The sheriff needs to complete paperwork and supervise everyone in order not to have to visit the villages too frequently. He does not visit villages during the dry season, instead supervising roadwork, during which time he often brings liquor to the workers. The sheriff wears a white shirt and black tie. He helps the men employed to cut the grass by giving them food, money and cloth. | Punch card

2416. Reference : MM-1-17-84

Behavior to outsiders.

| 21 June and 3 July 1965 - Seng talks freely about the price at which he buys and sells rice, Ly's shooting and Suk's reputation. Seng called himself “phom” (I) when he talks to Moerman, and does not “wai” Moerman when he leaves. | Punch card

2417. Reference : MM-1-17-85

Suk and saj.

| 21 June 1965 - Suk has lost face because Sai would not take her. Sai does want to lose face by marrying Suk, who is looked down on by the villagers. Suk has a new husband, and now has a child by him. She married a Kalom (a northern Thai people). Moerman observes that people laugh when they talk about her because nobody would have her. Suk is looked upon as a bad woman due to the perceived laxity of her sexual behavior | Punch card

2418. Reference : MM-1-17-86

Lue history.

| 21 June 1965 - Khiaw Chomphu is an ethnically mixed village, although predominately Lue. There are many Lue from La and Pua districts in Nan Province, mostly of whom are Lue Yong and some Phong and La (the latter names denoting the places from which the Lue groups originally came). In Nan, the majority of women wear Lue sarongs, and the old women wear their hair in a bun. In the old days wars were not fought over land but over people, and the Lue Maeluang were the first to be evicted from their homeland and forced into Thailand. Such evictions and relocation are a recurrent feature in Lue history. | Punch card

2419. Reference : MM-1-17-89

Marriage.

| 21 June 1965 – A number of people have suggested that Moerman should take a Lue wife, saying that his wealth would attract lots of women to marry him. Man explained that one does not lose money or fields other than if a couple divorces, but instead money is saved to build a new family. | Punch card

2420. Reference : MM-1-17-90

Economics.

| 21 June 1965 - Seng complains about his lack of capital. He still buys rice from one of the mills, getting Bt25 per 100 hap. He also sells eggs, purchasing duck eggs from someone who raises ducks and reselling the eggs in the village. Wan and Ma complain that Thailand is a poor country where people have to engage in hard physical labor, unlike America, where there are lots of machines and money. | Punch card