1091. Reference : MM-1-18-147

Rice Mill at Huaykaewkam

| February 20, 1961. Rice from Tung Lo was mainly sent to the Huaykaewkam mill, which could process up to 60 tons per day. High-capacity rice mills (such as Huaykaewkam) tended to hoard rice and to sell when prices were good. On the contrary the small rice-mills could not hoard rice due to expenses. Kamnan T. Yuan (one of the partners of the Huaykaewkam mill) believed that if the road conditions were improved, the farmers could sell rice at a good price and the mill would increase its capacity. | Punch card

1092. Reference : MM-1-18-148

Loan

| 15 July 1960. Many teachers had insufficient salary, and they tended to borrow money through an informal system. It did not require collateral like a bank loan, and interests charges were 6-10 percent per month dependent upon the loan agreement with the creditor. Alternatively, they ‘played money sharing’ [credits within certain groups - translator]. | Punch card

1093. Reference : MM-1-18-149

The rice mill daily cash sheet

| | Punch card

1094. Reference : MM-1-18-150

Land holdings

| October 13, 1959. Caru:n's sister did not own land. Caru:n allowed his sister and her family to help in the farming of his land. Foreigners in Thailand could not hold titles to land. | Punch card

1095. Reference : MM-1-18-151

Smaller rice mill in Chiang Kham district

| February 3, 1960. The smaller rice mill in Chiang Kham district had a capacity of 15 tons of unhusked rice per day. The milled rice was of three grades: rice grade 1 would be sent to Bangkok for sale; rice grade 2 sent to Lampang for sale; and rice grade 3 sold in Chiang Kham district. The mill owner told Moerman that if the condition of the roads were better, rice transport would be more convenient. But then he would face a different challenge, his mill might be in competition with the mills in Lampang and the town of Phayao. They would aim to purchase rice from farmers. | Punch card

1096. Reference : MM-1-18-152

Mills in the town

| January 27, 1961. The capacity of the mill was 30 kwian [measure for paddy (equal to 16 piculs) – translator] of unhusked rice per day, and the price of rice was dependent on the price set in Bangkok. Milled rice would be sent to Bangkok for sale, and exported for sale in Taiwan, Japan and Laos. The mill owner told Moerman that if the condition of roads were better, rice transport would be more convenient. But then he would face an additional challenge - his mill might be in competition with mills in Lampang and the town of Phayao, and they would attempt to purchase rice from the same farmers. | Punch card

1097. Reference : MM-1-18-153

The road to Chiang Kham district

| August 16, 1960. If the infrastructure conditions of Chiang Kham district were better, it would lead to a decline in the price of products and a more favourable economic situation. However, a very large budget was required for the construction of roads. August 22, 1960. The government implemented several projects for road construction from the town of Phayao to Chiang Kham and from Chiang Kham to Chiang Rai. | Punch card

1098. Reference : MM-1-18-154

Large rice mill

| November 25, 1960. The accountant gave information about the founding year of the rice mills. | Punch card

1099. Reference : MM-1-18-155

Dyeing in Chiang Kham

| October 21, 1959. A man who was a cloth dyer walked along the roads with his equipment, and rang a bell to signal his presence. | Punch card

1100. Reference : MM-1-18-156

On education

| February 18, 1961. The majority of children in Chiangban sub-district after graduating from grade 4 would leave school to help their parents in farming. Though children who lived in Chiang Kham district wanted to continue studying in secondary and high school, they had to enroll in schools in the city of Chiang Rai. In addition, if anyone wanted to continue on to higher education, they had to travel to Chiang Mai or Bangkok. | Punch card