Arts in Southeast Asia

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Tumpalai Phu Pha Yon

The various engraved drawings can be classified as follows:1. Human figures. There are 21 engraved drawings of people, including both realistic and semi-realistic portraits. There are 9 realistic drawings, 2 of children and 7 of adults, that show the similarity between the real person and the drawing, for instance, the drawing of a person with an emphasis on only the outlines; the description of organs such as ears, eyes, mouth, nose, fingers, toes are not shown. The semi-realistic drawing is the drawing that characterizes the person in proportion but will be inaccurate from reality, for instance, the human head is in a square shape or the muscles of the limbs are not focused. However, other important parts such as ears, eyes, mouth, nose, fingers and toes aren’t completely shown. There are 12 drawings of this type. 2. Human hands. There is only one drawing of a right hand with the palm open. There are six fingers on the hand.3.Animals figures There are 21 drawings, 8 of fish, 4 of birds, 2 of dogs, 1 of a squirrel or a chipmunk, 1 of a buffalo, 4 of buffaloes or cows, 1 of a frog or a small green frog. 4. Geometrical motifs There are a lot of drawings with straight lines, curve lines or lines with different patterns, square, triangle, cross, arrowhead, rhombic triangle, single line, arranged lines, and crossed lines and sometimes the shape cannot be identified. 5.Appliance For example, a picture that resembles a plow, farming tools that show only the head area called “Moldboard plow” or “Phal” at the rear. There are also drawings of a shovel with a handle and a fan for blowing away the withered grain. 6.Building There are 2 drawings that look like a house. It is a house with a gable roof. One drawing is of a house with a dog inside and another drawing is of a house with a crossed roof similar to the roof of Kalae house or the roof of a hut in a farm in northeast of Thailand and it looks like there is a person inside the house.

Thailand

Sakon Nakhon

Art period
Prehistoric Age
Age
3,500 years old
Type of artwork
Painting
Hariti
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SculptureHariti

Candi Mendut was built in Centra Java by Sai Lane dynasty in 14th century BE. It was built in Mahayana around the same period as Borobudur. Candi Mendut is in the same area as Candi Pawon and Borobudur.

Main Buddha Image at Candi Mendut
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SculptureMain Buddha Image at Candi Mendut

The Buddha image with a dropping leg shows a strong influence of Jalukya at Aelola cave and Pala art from the east India. The image has hair between eyebrows according to Pala art, but the robe only covers half of the body, which is similar to the Buddha image with dropping leg at Aelola and Ajanta. The Lord Buddha holds the robe while dropping his leg. Also, the edge of the robe falls down between his thights, which is similar to the art at Aelola cave. The throne is decorated with a dragon and elephants. This appear at Aelola in Pala art beforehand.

Main Buddha Image at Candi Mendut
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SculptureMain Buddha Image at Candi Mendut

At the side of a Buddha image in Candi Mendut, there are two Bhothisavaras.One is Avalokitesavara and the other is Vatcharapanee. Bhothisavaras at Cnadi Mendut have very similar costumes with Pala art including a three-banded crown, a tube-shaped crown and the wearing of Vasayatchayopraveet as well as Lalitasana seating posture on lotus pedals and the backrest of throne.

Kalpavrksha at Candi Pawon
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SculptureKalpavrksha at Candi Pawon

Adjacent to Bodobudur, Candi Pawon was constructed by Shailendra dynasty which followed Mahayana Buddhism.

Buddha acrossing Neranjara River
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SculptureBuddha acrossing Neranjara River

The style of the narrative at Bodobudur closely resembles to that in Indian art, considering from the style of ornaments, the style of utensils, the volume of the figures as well as the arrangement of space.

Victory of the Buddha over Mara
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SculptureVictory of the Buddha over Mara

Sculpture at Borobudur is very similar to Indian art in terms of the costumes, appliance, round characters and empty space. All of these show that central Java is related to Indian art.

The Consecration of the Buddha after his First Preaching
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SculptureThe Consecration of the Buddha after his First Preaching

Sculpture at Borobudur is very similar to Indian art in terms of the costumes, appliance, round characters and empty space. All of these show that central Java is related to Indian art.

Mahakapi Jataka
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SculptureMahakapi Jataka

The style of the narrative at Bodobudur closely resembles to that in Indian art, considering from the style of ornaments, the style of utensils, the volume of the figures as well as the arrangement of space.